Abstract
Nanomaterials are proving useful for regenerative medicine in combination with stem cell therapy. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be administrated and targeted to desired tissues or organs and subsequently be used in non-invasive real-time visualization and tracking of cells by means of different imaging techniques, can act as therapeutic agent nanocarriers, and can also serve as scaffolds to guide the growth of new tissue. NPs can be of different chemical nature, such as gold, iron oxide, cadmium selenide, and carbon, and have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine. However, there are still many issues to be solved, such as toxicity, stability, and resident time. Upconversion NPs have relevant properties such as (i) low toxicity, (ii) capability to absorb light in an optical region where absorption in tissues is minimal and penetration is optimal (note they can also be designed to emit in the near-infrared region), and (iii) they can be used in multiplexing and multimodal imaging. An overview on the potentiality of upconversion materials in regenerative medicine is given.
Highlights
Upconversion nanoparticles for Bioimaging and Regenerative MedicineDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
NPs are used in biomedical applications for imaging, therapy, drug delivery aimed at target biological functions, surface modifications of implantable materials, diagnosis (Engel et al, 2008; Harrison and Sirivisoot, 2011; Gao et al, 2015), and even in the regulation of cell behavior, which is of relevance in regenerative medicine (Mitragotri et al, 2015)
Computed tomography (CT) requires short acquisition time, has an unlimited penetration depth, and high spatial resolution; its weakness is that it has a limited soft tissue discrimination, and there are concerns on the health risks associated with X-ray radiation (McMahon and Currell, 2013)
Summary
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be administrated and targeted to desired tissues or organs and subsequently be used in non-invasive real-time visualization and tracking of cells by means of different imaging techniques, can act as therapeutic agent nanocarriers, and can serve as scaffolds to guide the growth of new tissue. NPs can be of different chemical nature, such as gold, iron oxide, cadmium selenide, and carbon, and have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine. Upconversion NPs have relevant properties such as (i) low toxicity, (ii) capability to absorb light in an optical region where absorption in tissues is minimal and penetration is optimal (note they can be designed to emit in the near-infrared region), and (iii) they can be used in multiplexing and multimodal imaging. An overview on the potentiality of upconversion materials in regenerative medicine is given
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