Abstract
The long-term accumulated pipe scale in the water distribution system (WDS) is vital for ensuring the safety of drinking water delivery. This study revealed a novel positive role of pipe scale in triggering interface free radicals for aromatic substances degradation. The goethite (main constituents of pipe scale) converts from the trivalent state to the divalent state by withdraw electrons from aromatic phenolic compounds. Active free radicals such as hydroxyl radical (OH), Cl, and ClO were subsequently formed via a cascade of chain reactions under WDS conditions, among which OH was the dominate active species driving efficient transformation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (60.8%) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (80.5%) and the corresponding toxicity attenuation. The goethite mediated chlorination is a surface reaction following Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Our works revealed the presence of natural source of OH for disinfection byproducts transformation. Given the ubiquitous existence of iron scales inside ductile iron pipe, the finding renewed the understanding of the impact of WDS on drinking water quality.
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