Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality world wide, necessitating innovative diagnostic approaches due to the limitations of current tools. The growing significance of salivary exosomes as biomarkers for CVD detection and treatment is explored in this narrative review. Salivary diagnostics offer a non-invasive alternative, with exosomes-small extracellular vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—serving as potential indicators of cardiovascular health. The review highlights how salivary exosomes reflect the physiological states of their parent cells and can indicate systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, all critical factors in CVD progression. Furthermore, it discusses specific exosomal biomarkers linked to different cardiovascular diseases such as valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, cardiac fibrosis, arrhythmias, and heart failure. By integrating salivary exosome analysis into clinical practice, there is potential for enhanced early detection, risk stratification, and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases, ultimately paving the way for more personalized treatment strategies. This exploration underscores the transformative potential of salivary exosomes in improving cardiovascular disease management and patient outcomes.
Published Version
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