Abstract
Background: Ferula gummosa Boiss. is a widely recognized species native to Iran, primarily found in the northern and northeastern regions. It has long been valued for its medicinal properties, particularly in traditional medicine, where its gum is used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders and infections. Objectives: However, despite its established benefits, there is a significant research gap regarding its potential anti-cancer properties, specifically against skin cancer cells. Methods: This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of the gum of F. gummosa on the A-375 cell line using several assays, including MTT, clonogenic, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, DNA degradation, and in vitro wound-healing experiments. Results: The findings revealed that the gum exhibited notable cytotoxicity on A-375 cells, achieving a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 8 µg/mL after 48 hours of treatment (compared to control cells) (P < 0.01). The observed DNA degradation pattern suggested a reduction in cell viability, likely due to apoptosis induction. Microscopic examinations showed nuclear condensation and a significant suppression of colony formation in A-375 cells treated with 8 and 10 μg/mL concentrations of the gum, compared to untreated cells. Additionally, wound-healing assessments demonstrated the gum’s ability to inhibit cell migration in contrast to the untreated group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that F. gummosa exhibits significant inhibitory effects on melanoma cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for further investigation.
Published Version
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