Unveiling novel APLIS model for identifying groundwater recharge zones in semi-arid regions: A case from Lebanon

Abstract

The Bekaa Plain in Lebanon, is a major agricultural region known for its fertile soil and extensive crops cultivation using groundwater resources which is recently became under stress due to population growth, urbanization, and climate change. The main aim of this study is to investigate the rate of groundwater recharge (GwR) into this region using APLIS Model which principally depends on altitude, slope, lithology, infiltration, and soil type. Using GIS-based for a multicriteria mapping approach, in this study additional factors were added to the model, by incorporating rainfall rates, stream density, and fracture density. Results revealed various recharge potential area in the Bekaa Plain, with 52 % classified as high to very high GwR zones, equivalent to approximately 42.5 % of precipitated water, which is a testament to the exceptional capacity of the region to replenish groundwater aquifers. The geographic distribution of GwR categories primarily depends on altitude and lithological characteristics. The exceptional GwR potential of the Bekaa Plain holds immense promise for mitigating water scarcity, fostering agricultural productivity, and ensuring the socioeconomic well-being of communities reliant on groundwater resources.