Untargeted Metabolite Profiling for Screening Bioactive Compounds in Digestate of Manure under Anaerobic Digestion

Jiaxin Lu,Jakub Mazurkiewicz,Renjie Dong,Jacek Dach,Wojciech Czekała,Atif Muhmood

doi:10.3390/w11112420

Jiaxin Lu, Jakub Mazurkiewicz + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112420

Copy DOI

Abstract

Untargeted metabolite profiling was performed on chicken manure (CHM), swine manure (SM), cattle manure (CM), and their respective digestate by XCMS coupled with MetaboAnalyst programs. Through global chemical profiling, the chemical characteristics of different digestates and types of manure were displayed during the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. As the feed for AD, CM had less easily-degradable organics, SM contained the least O-alkyls and anomerics of carbohydrates, and CHM exhibited relatively lower bio-stability. The derived metabolite pathways of different manure during the AD process were identified by MetaboAnalyst. Twelve, 8, and 5 metabolic pathways were affected by the AD process in CHM, SM, and CM, respectively. Furthermore, bioactive compounds of digestate were detected, such as amino acids (L-arginine, L-ornithine, L-cysteine, and L-aspartate), hormones (L-adrenaline, 19-hydroxy androstenedione, and estrone), alkaloids (tryptamine and N-methyltyramine), and vitamin B5, in different types of manure and their digestates. The combination of XCMS and MetaboAnalyst programs can be an effective strategy for metabolite profiling of manure and its anaerobic digestate under different situations.

Highlights

With the rising demand for limited waste disposal and renewable energy, anaerobic digestion technology has attracted extensive attention and shows advantages [1]
The change in the metabolite profile after anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CHM), cattle manure (CM), and swine manure (SM) is presented in a cloud plot (Figure 1)
The analysis revealed that 15 metabolites were up-regulated and 15 were down-regulated in CHM and CM after digestion, while only six metabolites (2-methyloxy-1,1,1 triamine hexamethyl ethane, 1-pentanamine hydrofluoride, lithium cyclohexyl, hexane, 1-aminopentane, and N,N-1,1-tetramethyl boranamine) were down-regulated and 24 metabolites were up-regulated in SM after digestion, which may be because the SM contained the least O-alkyls and anomerics of carbohydrates compared to CHM

Summary

Introduction

With the rising demand for limited waste disposal and renewable energy, anaerobic digestion technology has attracted extensive attention and shows advantages [1]. Large amounts of anaerobic digestate have been generated as a by-product in anaerobic digestion (AD) plants during biogas production. The digestate is rich in macronutrients (e.g., N, P, K) and is traditionally used as fertilizers in agriculture. It has been well documented that the supplementary application of digestate to wheat, maize, grass, pasture, peanut, green pepper, eggplant, cabbage, cucumber, autumn lettuce, and sorghum can improve the plant growth, yield, and quality [3,4,5,6,7]. Farmers have observed that the land application of the digestate promotes disease resistance in plants [9]. The underlying mechanism of promoting disease resistance by the digestate is not well understood.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion