Abstract
Our previous study found that consuming koumiss daily could beneficially reduce the levels of blood lipids, but the exact mechanism is not clear. Thus, this work aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism of lipid-lowering effect using untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The fecal metabolomes of hyperlipidemia patients who consumed koumiss daily were analyzed before and after koumiss treatment. A total of ten significant differential metabolites (ursolic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, α-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, alanine, tyrosine, sphingosine, acetate, and butyrate) were detected, and they all showed significant increased relative concentrations at days 30 and 60. Many of these metabolites were involved in lipid metabolism and transport. These results suggested that the ten identified metabolites were likely associated with the observed lipid-lowering effect. Finally, by using the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH), metabolic networks connecting these metabolites were constructed to elucidate the biochemical mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect.
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