Abstract
Unsteady stagnation point flow in hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu/H2O) past a convectively heated stretching/shrinking sheet is examined. Apart from the conventional surface of the no-slip condition, the velocity slip condition is considered in this study. By incorporating verified similarity transformations, the differential equations together with their partial derivatives are changed into ordinary differential equations. Throughout the MATLAB operating system, the simplified mathematical model is clarified by employing the bvp4c procedure. The above-proposed approach is capable of producing non-uniqueness solutions when adequate initial assumptions are provided. The findings revealed that the skin friction coefficient intensifies in conjunction with the local Nusselt number by adding up the nanoparticles volume fraction. The occurrence of velocity slip at the boundary reduces the coefficient of skin friction; however, an upward trend is exemplified in the rate of heat transfer. The results also signified that, unlike the parameter of velocity slip, the increment in the unsteady parameter conclusively increases the coefficient of skin friction, and an upsurge attribution in the heat transfer rate is observed resulting from the increment of Biot number. The findings are evidenced to have dual solutions, which inevitably contribute to stability analysis, hence validating the feasibility of the first solution.
Highlights
The most common problem in boundary layer flow that had been treated so far is much focused on those for steady flows
Bachok et al [6] concluded that inclusion of the unsteadiness parameter offers a significant impact towards the boundary layer flow in nanofluid and Fan et al [7] presented analytical solutions using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and managed to advertise a highly precise analytical estimation which is in excellent agreement with the numerical results offered by the Keller box scheme
The analysis found that the heat transfer rate declines with the velocity slip parameter, while it upsurges with the unsteadiness parameter
Summary
The most common problem in boundary layer flow that had been treated so far is much focused on those for steady flows. Even though it is the steady flows that seem to have the utmost significance in real-world demands, some cases of time-varying in the boundary layer which is unsteady indicate an important role in several engineering problems. The behavior of unsteady boundary layer flow describes an unusual pattern compared to the steady flow owing to the additional time-dependent terms in the governing equations, which exaggerated the separation of boundary layer and the fluid motion arrangement [2,3]. The thermal and mechanical properties of such an unsteady mechanism in the boundary layer approximation have been studied both analytically and numerically.
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