Ternary hybrid nanofluid near a stretching/ shrinking sheet with heat generation/ absorption and velocity slip on unsteady stagnation point flow

Abstract

For practical purposes, the study of ternary hybrid nanofluid flows near stretching/ shrinking surfaces, including heat generation/ absorption and velocity slip, has enormous value. It is crucial to understand how fluid mechanics deals with stagnation point flow, which is a common phenomenon in both engineering and scientific domains. In the evaporation process, the polymer enterprises, and the aircraft counter jet, the stagnation point flow may be found. An unsteady stagnation point flow is used to explore a ternary hybrid nanofluid (Cu–TiO2–Al2O3/ polymer) in relation to a convectively heated stretching/ shrinking sheet. This research also considers the velocity slip condition in addition to the traditional surface under no-slip conditions. The differential equations and their partial derivatives are changed to ordinary differential equations by applying approved similarity transformations. The MATHEMATICA operating system employs the Shooting with Runge–Kutta-IV process to explain the reduced mathematical model. When preliminary assumptions are appropriate, the technique may provide solutions. According to the data, nanoparticle volume fraction has an effect on the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number. The coefficient of skin friction decreases when velocity slip occurs at the border, while the rate of heat transfer increases. According to the research, increasing the unstable parameter led to large increases in the coefficient of skin friction and heat transfer as opposed to just altering velocity slip. The outcomes show that ternary fluid has a greater skin fraction and heat transmission profile than hybrid and traditional nanofluids for all parameters. The recent evidence and published results for a particular case were contrasted to validate the findings, and good agreement was established.