Abstract
The enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase is known for alleviating the adverse effects of ethylene generated in response various stressors. Phylogenetic analysis of corresponding gene encoding ACC degrading enzyme (acds) reveals their occurrence in diverse group of bacteria and fungi. The transcription of acds gene is tightly regulated and expresses differentially under different environmental conditions. Moreover, ACC metabolizing enzyme is an inductive enzyme which expressed only in presence of its substrate, ACC. This microbial enzyme has prominent role as cost-effective and eco-friendly adjuncts in sustainable agricultural system because it catalysed the breakdown of immediate precursor of ethylene, i.e. ACC into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia, and thereby declined the concentration of ethylene and its associated negative effects on growth and development of plants growing under various biotic and abiotic stressful conditions. Therefore, the present review attempts to summarizes the knowledge regarding biochemistry and genetics of ACC deaminase enzyme, prevalence and regulation of corresponding ACC deaminase gene (acds) across different groups of microbes as well as future research approaches to create transgenic crops containing microbial acds gene to withstand variety of stressful conditions.
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