Unraveling the link between language barriers and cancer risk.

Abstract

Clear patient communication with the physician is an integral aspect of cancer treatment and successful health outcomes. Previous research has shown improved cancer screening in cases of patient navigator assistance to limited English proficient patients, but no research has analyzed the relationship between language isolation and cancer incidence rates in the United States. Using state-level data from the United States Census Bureau and the National Cancer Institute, we analyzed the correlations between language isolation and age-adjusted incidence rates across 19 different invasive cancers. A complex relationship between language isolation and cancer incidence rates was found. States such as California, New York, Texas, and New Jersey show high language isolate prevalence and elevated cancer incidence rates. Cancer subtype incidence rates varied between states, indicating the multifactorial importance of lifestyle, genetics, and environment in cancer. California had the highest language isolation ranking of 8.5% and elevated rates of ovarian (10.4/100,000) and stomach (9.1/100,000) cancers. New York, with the second-highest language isolation ranking of 7.6%, manifests a pronounced prevalence of ovarian (11.3/100,000) and stomach (10.9/100,000) cancers. Overall, positive correlations were observed between language isolation and ovarian/stomach cancers, while negative correlations were found with lung, kidney, melanoma, and colorectal cancers. This study emphasizes the need to address language barriers and other social determinants of health in cancer prevention/control. Targeted interventions, such as culturally appropriate education, increased access to linguistically and culturally appropriate cancer screening, and language lessons, are crucial in improving health outcomes in linguistically diverse communities.