Abstract
Abstract: Salmonella Typhi is a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes typhoid fever, a serious systematic infectious disease with significant global health implications. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) influence gene expression in other Salmonella strains but their impact on Salmonella Typhi is unclear. This study investigates the impact of specific SCFAs (Sodium Butyrate and Sodium Propionate) on the expression of T3SS-1 virulence-associated genes (hilC, hilD, sipC) and a regulatory gene (ropE) in Salmonella Typhi. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of SCFAs were determined (50mg/ml), allowing analysis of their effects on bacterial behavior without inhibiting growth. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR revealed that both Sodium Butyrate and Sodium Propionate significantly downregulated hilC, hilD, and sipC genes, essential for activating virulence factors. However, the ropE gene remained unaffected. These findings suggest that SCFAs play a role in regulating virulence in Salmonella Typhi, consistent with previous research on other Salmonella strains. Understanding SCFAs' influence on Salmonella Typhi virulence could lead to targeted interventions for combatting Salmonella infections and improving public health.
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