Unraveling the Catalytic Graphitization Mechanism of Ni–P Electroless Plated Cokes Via in Situ Analytical Approaches

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We have unraveled the mechanism of catalytic graphitization by employing in-situ analytical methods. The process involves the use of a Ni–P electroless plating technique at a modest 1600 °C, ensuring high crystallinity of the produced coke material. Furthermore, we have incorporated ultrasonic waves during the Ni–P electroless plating process to enhance the formation of metallic layers on the carbon material, leading to improved surface characteristics and adhesion . The impact of ultrasonic treatment on the electroless plating process has been confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy images and elemental composition analysis. Additionally, our structural analysis using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the Ni–P electroless plating significantly accelerates the graphitization process . Lastly, the behavior of graphitization has been illuminated through in situ transmission electron microscopy and XRD analysis . The presence of nickel layers on the surface of the coke material aids in graphite formation by promoting the dissolution and precipitation of amorphous carbons, resulting in effective graphitization at a relatively low temperature. Figure 1