Abstract
The repair of large-area irregular bone defects is one of the complex problems in orthopedic clinical treatment. The bone repair scaffolds currently studied include electrospun membrane, hydrogel, bone cement, 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, etc., among which 3D printed polymer-based scaffolds Bone scaffolds are the most promising for clinical applications. This is because 3D printing is modeled based on the im-aging results of actual bone defects so that the printed scaffolds can perfectly fit the bone defect, and the printed components can be adjusted to promote Osteogenesis. This review introduces a variety of 3D printing technologies and bone healing processes, reviews previous studies on the characteristics of commonly used natural or synthetic polymers, and clinical applications of 3D printed bone tissue scaffolds, analyzes and elaborates the characteristics of ideal bone tissue scaffolds, from t he progress of 3D printing bone tissue scaffolds were summarized in many aspects. The challenges and potential prospects in this direction were discussed.
Highlights
Bone is capable of self-healing, but cannot regenerate in special cases such as large defects due to the lack of growth and differentiation platform of bone repair-related cells [1,2].At present, the options of treatments for critical-sized bone defects include autologous bone graft [3,4], allogenic bone graft [5–7], and artificial bone graft substitutes [8,9]
To solve the above-mentioned problems of clinical treatment process, bone tissue engineering scaffolds (BTES) with optimal biocompatibility and strong osteoinduction ability have been widely studied, especially the polymer-based composite bone scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing according to the clinical needs of patients, 3D printing technology can prepare accurately-controlled personalized-implants upon composition and structure, realizing the superior structure-function relationship and highly bioactive BTES, this cannot be accomplished by traditional processing strategy
The properties of ideal BTES are summarized by introducing the process of bone healing, with emphasis on the polymer materials commonly used in 3D printing technology, the design optimization of scaffold structure, and its application in clinical medicine
Summary
Bone is capable of self-healing, but cannot regenerate in special cases such as large defects due to the lack of growth and differentiation platform of bone repair-related cells [1,2]. This paper reviews the research progress of polymer materials and tissue engineering scaffolds prepared by 3D printing technology. The properties of ideal BTES are summarized by introducing the process of bone healing, with emphasis on the polymer materials commonly used in 3D printing technology, the design optimization of scaffold structure, and its application in clinical medicine. It will describe the technical challenges arising from the current research and the potential prospects of 3D printed polymer BTES. This overview explains 3D printing methods in accordance with the above categories
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