Unmediated by DNA Electron Transfer in Redox-Labeled DNA Duplexes End-Tethered to Gold Electrodes

Abstract

Electron transfer (ET) between gold electrodes and redox-labeled DNA duplexes, immobilized onto the electrodes through the alkanethiol linker at the 3'-end and having internal either methylene blue (MB) or anthraquinone (AQ) redox labels, was shown to depend on the redox label charge and the way the redox label is linked to DNA. For loosely packed DNA monolayers, the conjugation of the positively charged MB to DNA through the long and flexible alkane linker provided ET whose kinetics was formally governed by the diffusion of the redox label to the negatively charged electrode surface. For the uncharged AQ label no ET signal was detected. The conjugation of AQ to DNA through the short and more conductive acetylene linker did not provide the anticipated DNA-mediated ET to the AQ-moiety: ET appeared to be low-efficient if any in the studied system, for which no intercalation of AQ within the DNA duplex occurred. The ET communication between the electrode and AQ, built in DNA through the acetylene linker, was achieved only when Ru(NH(3))(6)(3+) molecules were electrostatically attached to the DNA duplex, thus forming the electronic wire. These results are of particular importance both for the fundamental understanding of the interfacial behavior of the redox labeled DNA on electrodes and for the design of biosensors exploiting a variation of ET properties of DNA in the course of hybridization.