UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR REMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Abstract

The article considers the problem of oil spills in the water sector and on land, leading to environmental pollution and the occurrence of accidents at hazardous production facilities, and economic losses too. Transportation of oil and gas through main pipelines necessitates the reliable operation of pipeline systems. Freelance situations on the line objects of the oil and gas industry can cause not only great economic damage due to product losses and disruption of the continuous production process in related industries, but may be accompanied by environmental pollution, the emergence of fires and even be a threat to human life. When transporting large volumes of oil and gas of high pressure, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of the main pipelines. The natural aging of pipelines and, in this connection, a significant increase in the requirements for their ecological safety are characteristic features of the working conditions of pipeline transport. These moments determine the main directions for improving the system for preventing and eliminating emergencies in the industry. One of such areas is the introduction of monitoring systems for the technical condition of main pipelines and their facilities. To solve this problem, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and remote monitoring of the environment methods is considered. Unmanned aerial vehicles have a distinct advantage over manned systems in situations where operational efficiency is required. The reduction in total response time is due to the fact that it does not require the deployment of supporting tools that are needed when we use manned aircraft. For detection of oil spills prompted to install on the unmanned aerial vehicles sensor of microwave radiometry, laser radar, infrared and ultraviolet spectrometers, etc. They allow to identify an emergency situation, conduct remote spectrum analysis, which calculated the area and the thickness of the oil slick, giving the possibility of obtaining images. Establishing the location of the aircraft is possible by the method Monte Carlo and using the capabilities of geographic information systems. Thus, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles with detection sensors will allow timely liquidation of accidents at oil facilities and will help reduce the risk of further pollution of the environment.