Abstract
Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) has been experiencing a surge in popularity within the realm of high-tech innovations. This article elaborates on the operational principles, structural intricacies, and scanning methodologies of contemporary LiDAR devices. Additionally, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse array of applications that LiDAR technology finds utility in, ranging from remote sensing and transportation to geography, atmospheric science, and astronomy. In the context of Time of Flight (ToF) LiDAR, the underlying operational concept revolves around measuring the temporal delay of the laser beam's journey from the device to the target. Conversely, Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) LiDAR operates by quantifying alterations in the wavelength of the reflected laser in comparison to the originally emitted laser, leveraging the Doppler effect. LiDAR products serve as invaluable tools for geologists, enabling them to generate 3D maps for researching various targets such as forestry, coastline morphology, and river bathymetry. Meanwhile, atmospheric scientists harness LiDAR products to delve into studies concerning atmospheric composition and meteorological phenomena. In the foreseeable future, it is anticipated that LiDAR products will witness widespread adoption across an array of applications, including autonomous vehicles and beyond.
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