Abstract
Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology and sustainable practices are revolutionizing crop production and resilience, addressing global food security challenges. This review highlights cutting-edge innovations in plant sciences, including genetic engineering, genome editing technologies, and biotechnological interventions that enhance crop resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It discusses the integration of precision agriculture and digital farming tools that optimize resource use and boost productivity, providing data-driven insights for better crop management. Additionally, sustainable agricultural practices such as agroecology, organic farming, and integrated pest management are examined for their potential to reduce environmental impact while maintaining high yield. The review investigates the key practices like conservation tillage, crop rotation, and biological pest control, emphasizing their roles in enhancing soil health, biodiversity, and agricultural resilience. Significant contributions of biotechnological interventions, including genetic engineering and genome editing, are explored for developing stress-resistant and high-yield crop varieties. Moreover, the integration of precision agriculture and digital farming technologies is discussed for their potential to optimize resource utilization and improve crop management through advanced data analytics.
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