Abstract

Soil health refers to a balanced condition of soil to function to its full potential to sustain the physiochemical and biological processes as well as promote environment equality and prosperity of plant and animal health. The quality and vitality of soil directly influence agricultural productivity, crop resilience, water management, carbon sequestration, and overall ecosystem health. Soil health is a crucial aspect of sustainable agriculture, and it plays a significant role in ensuring food security for the ever-expanding global population. The intensification of agricultural activities to meet the growing demand has led to changes in the soil ecosystem and soil health. In order to maintain soil health, sustainable agricultural practices such as conservation tillage, Vermicomposting, Crop diversification, Crop residue management, Organic amendments, Fertilizer management, Irrigation management, Naturally Occurring Mineral Amendments, Effective Microorganisms, Use of biopesticides need to be adopted. These practices help farmers to reduce erosion, improve nutrient cycling, save money on inputs, and enhance the resiliency of their working land. This chapter aims to comprehensively assess soil health indicators, analyze their interactions, and propose sustainable agricultural practices for maintaining and enhancing soil health. Through field studies, laboratory analyses, and literature reviews, this research explores the intricate relationships between soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes, identifying key sign of soil health and their implications for sustainable farming.

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