Abstract
This paper presents a universal current-controlled current-mode biquad filter employing current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs). The proposed filter employs only three MO- CCCCTAs and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter can simultaneously realize low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) responses in current form by choosing appropriate current output branches. In addition, the pole frequency and quality factor of the proposed filter circuit can be tuned independently and electronically over the wide range by adjusting the external bias currents. The circuit possesses low active and passive sensitivity performance. The validity of proposed filter is verified through PSPICE simulations.
Highlights
It is well accepted that universal biquad filter is a very important functional block which is widely used in various parts such as communication, measurement, instrumentation and control systems [1]
Because of the well known advantages such as reduced distortions, low input impedance, high output impedance, less sensitive to switching noise, better ESD immunity, high slew rate and larger bandwidth, the design and implementation of current-mode active filters using current-mode active elements [2] have become quite popular for wide variety of applications due to their inherent advantages over the voltage-mode counter parts
During the last one decade and recent past a number of universal current-mode active filters have been reported in the literature [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23], using different current-mode active elements
Summary
It is well accepted that universal biquad filter is a very important functional block which is widely used in various parts such as communication, measurement, instrumentation and control systems [1]. A new current-mode active element, namely the current controlled current conveyor trans-conductance amplifiers (CCCCTAs) has been introduced [3]. Its trans-conductance and parasitic resistance can be adjusted electronically, it does not need a resistor in practical applications This device can be operated in both current and voltage-modes, providing flexibility. It can offer several advantages such as high slew rate, high speed, wider bandwidth and simpler implementation. All these advantages together, its current-mode operation makes the CCCCTA, a promising choice for realizing active filters [4]. The validity of proposed filter is verified through PSPICE, the industry standard tool
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