Universal and Reversible Gate Design in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology

Abstract

Background: Growing progress in the field of nanoelectronics necessitates ever more advanced nanotechnology due to the continued scaling of conventional devices. For the purpose of fabricating current integrated circuits (ICs), Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology is the most suitable substitute for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The problem of short-channel secondary effects at the ultra-nanoscale level confronts CMOS technology Aims: QCA nanotechnology overcomes the issues of conventional logic circuit design methods due to its numerous advantages. This research work aims to design an energy-efficient, reliable, universal, 3×3, and reversible logic gate for the implementation of various logical and Boolean functions in QCA nanotechnology. Objective: It is desirable for portable systems to have a small size, extremely low power consumption, and a clock rate in the terahertz. As a result, QCA nanotechnology is an incredible advancement for digital system applications and the design of future systems. Methods: This research article proposes a novel, ultra-efficient, multi-operative, 3×3 universal reversible gate implemented in QCA nanotechnology using precise QCA cell interaction. The proposed gate is used for the implementation of all the basic logic gates to validate its universality. The implementation of all thirteen standard Boolean functions establishes the proposed gate's multi-operational nature. The energy dissipation analysis of the design has been presented for the varying setups. Results: The proposed gate is area-efficient because it uses minimum QCA cells. Various logical and Boolean functions are effectively implemented using the proposed gate. The result analysis establishes the minimum energy dissipation of the proposed design and endorses it as an ultra-efficient design. Conclusion: The QCA cell interaction method demonstrates the best way to design a universal, reversible, and multi-operative gate.