Abstract
This chapter focuses on US sanctions policy. Key questions addressed: Why does the US use sanctions so much more frequently than any other country? What types of sanctions does the US make particular use of? Whom does the US target? Are American sanctions more successful than others? What are key patterns in the domestic politics and policy process (Congress, bureaucratic politics, interest groups, public opinion)? How does federalism and the role of state and local governments affect sanctions? This chapter’s case studies, also structured within the why-what-who-how sanctions analytic framework, include sanctions against Iran (Obama and Trump), Soviet Union/Russia (1970s Jewish emigration, Afghanistan 1980, dissident Alexei Navalny, Ukraine 2014 and 2022), China (1989 Tiananmen Square, Uyghurs, Huawei), North Korea, Venezuela, and counterterrorism. Based on the general analysis and case studies, some conclusions are drawn and challenges identified for American sanctions policy.
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