Unit Commitment Considering Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Integration—A CMAES Approach

Abstract

Global fossil fuel consumption and associated emissions are continuing to increase amid the 2022 energy crisis and environmental pollution and climate change issues are becoming even severer. Aiming at energy saving and emission reduction, in this paper, a new unit commitment model considering electric vehicles and renewable energy integration is established, taking into account the prediction errors of emissions from thermal units and renewable power generations. Furthermore, a new binary CMAES, dubbed BCMAES, which uses a signal function to map sampled individuals is proposed and compared with eight other mapping functions. The proposed model and the BCMAES algorithm are then applied in simulation studies on IEEE 10- and IEEE 118-bus systems, and compared with other popular algorithms such as BPSO, NSGAII, and HS. The results confirm that the proposed BCMAES algorithm outperforms other algorithms for large-scale mixed integer optimization problems with over 1000 dimensions, achieving a more than 1% cost reduction. It is further shown that the use of V2G energy transfer and the integration of renewable energy can significantly reduce both the operation costs and emissions by 5.57% and 13.71%, respectively.