Abstract
Purpose: This study thoroughly investigates the impacts of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) on line losses within the IEEE 14-Bus System, with a particular emphasis on addressing challenges and optimizing power system planning. The primary purpose of this study is to assess and understand the intricate relationships between EVs, RES, and line losses within the IEEE 14-Bus System. The research aims to provide insights that contribute to the development of tailored strategies in power system planning, addressing challenges posed by EV adoption and RES integration. By exploring the impact on grid efficiency, sustainability, and reliability, the study aims to guide future power system planners in optimizing the integration of EVs and RES.
 Materials and Methods: The study utilizes load flow analysis, specifically the Newton-Raphson method, to model and simulate scenarios reflecting EV charging and discharging dynamics alongside intermittent RES integration within the IEEE 14-Bus System. A 24-hour dynamic load flow analysis is conducted to capture the diverse and dynamic impacts under varying load conditions. This comprehensive approach allows for a detailed assessment of line losses in the presence of EVs and RES.
 Findings: The study reveals nuanced impacts, indicating higher EV adoption and increased RES integration result in notable escalations in line losses. This highlights challenges associated with grid efficiency, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies in power system planning.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study advances theoretical understanding of dynamic interactions between EVs, RES, and power systems. In practice, it underscores the importance of adaptive control mechanisms and optimized strategies for accommodating EVs and RES while minimizing line losses. On a policy level, the findings suggest the need for regulatory frameworks incentivizing sustainable energy practices and technological research to mitigate challenges posed by EV adoption and RES integration.
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