Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of the method that unilateral pedicle screws asymmetric tethering in concave side in combination with convex rib resection for creating idiopathic deformity.Summary of background dataVarious methods are performed to create idiopathic deformity. Among these methods, posterior asmmetric tethering of the spine shows satisfying result, but some drawbacks related to the current posterior asymmetric tether were still evident.Materials and methodsUnilateral pedicle screws asymmetric tethering was performed to 14 female goats (age: 5–8 week-old, weight: 6–8 kg) in concave side in combination with convex rib resection. Dorsoventral and lateral plain radiographs were taken of each thoracic spine in the frontal and sagittal planes right after the surgery and later every 4 weeks.ResultsAll animals ambulated freely after surgery. For technical reasons, 2 goats were excluded (one animal died for anesthetic during the surgery, and one animal was lost for instrumental fail due to postoperative infection). Radiography showed that 11 goats exhibited scoliosis with convex toward to the right side, and as the curve increased with time, only 1 goat showed nonprogressive. The initial scoliosis generated in the progressors after the procedures measured 29.0° on average (range 23.0°–38.5°) and increased to 43.0° on average (range 36.0°–58.0°) over 8 to 10 weeks. The average progression of 14.0° was measured. The curvature immediately after tethering surgery (the initial Cobb angle) did have a highly significant correlation with the final curvature (p < 0.001). The progressive goats showed an idiopathic-like deformity not only by radiography, but in general appearance.ConclusionUnilateral pedicle screws asymmetric tethering is a practical method to create experimental scoliosis, especially for those who would like to study the correction of this deformity.
Highlights
Till today, the etiology of the scoliosis is still uncertain
Radiography showed that 11 goats exhibited scoliosis with convex toward to the right side, and as the curve increased with time, only 1 goat showed nonprogressive
Unilateral pedicle screws asymmetric tethering is a practical method to create experimental scoliosis, especially for those who would like to study the correction of this deformity
Summary
The etiology of the scoliosis is still uncertain. Many theories have been proposed to explain its occurrence, and many attempts have been made to establish a suitable experimental model of scoliosis. MacEwen [1] divided these methods into those using systemic agents and those using localized surgical procedures on the musculoskeletal or nervous system. Some mutagenic agents were administered to pregnant animals [4,5] a prominent character of those deformities induced by systemic agents is the associate deformities of other organs, which is not similar to the idiopathic scoliosis. These animal models are not ideal for subsequent studies. Most scholars prone to create experimental scoliosis using localized surgical procedures
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