Abstract
Nanoelectrode arrays are much in demand in electroanalytical chemistry, electrocatalysis, and bioelectrochemistry. One of the promising approaches for the preparation of such systems is templated electrodeposition. In the present study, porous anodic alumina templates are used to prepare Au nanoelectrode arrays. Multistage electrodeposition is proposed for the formation of recessed electrodes with the ability to tune the distance between the surface of the porous template and the top surface of the nanoelectrodes. A set of complementary techniques, including chronoamperometry, coulometry, and scanning electron microscopy, are used to characterize the nanoelectrode arrays. The number of active nanoelectrodes is experimentally measured. The pathways to further improve the recessed nanoelectrode arrays based on anodic alumina templates are discussed.
Highlights
A nanoelectrode array (NEA) is a set of regularly arranged isolated metal electrodes with a small radius, which is comparable or less than the thickness of the electric double layer [1,2]
Pt and Au NEAs find a wide range of applications in electroanalytical chemistry, electrocatalysis, bioelectrochemistry, and kinetic measurements [6,7,8,9,10]
The first stage of NEA preparation (Figure 1a) was the formation of a short Cu segment, which governed the recess of NEAs relative to the surface of the AAO template
Summary
A nanoelectrode array (NEA) is a set of regularly arranged isolated metal electrodes with a small radius (usually less than 50 nm), which is comparable or less than the thickness of the electric double layer [1,2]. The first stage of NEA preparation (Figure 1a) was the formation of a short (up to 1 μm) Cu segment, which governed the recess of NEAs relative to the surface of the AAO template.
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