Unified description of fusion and multinucleon transfer processes within the dinuclear system model

Abstract

To compare fusion-evaporation (FE) and multinucleon transfer (MNT) approaches and make more reliable predictions for producing superheavy nuclei, the unified description of FE and MNT processes is performed in the reaction $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}+^{238}\mathrm{U}$ within the (DNS) model. We extend the fusion concept in the DNS model based on the deformation degree of freedom. Our calculations support the experimental result [Nishio et al., Phys. Rev. C 77, 064607 (2008)] that compact configuration enhances the fusion probability. The experimental production cross sections of isotopes in FE and MNT processes can be simultaneously reproduced. By comparing the production cross sections in the MNT reaction $^{238}\mathrm{U}+^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ with the FE reactions $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}+^{238}\mathrm{U}$ and $^{54}\mathrm{Cr}+^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$, we find that the FE process shows great advantages of cross sections for producing Cn isotopes and is the only approach that could produce superheavy elements beyond oganesson.