Abstract
Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.
Highlights
Since 1950’s the world’s population increases to triple in 25 years [1]
Air quality monitoring in urban areas is a crucial factor in order for Malaysia to achieve sustainable development growth
This research has been motivated by other researchers that studied the relationship, possibilities and advantages of using a 3D spatial city model for air quality monitoring [33,34,38,39]
Summary
Since 1950’s the world’s population increases to triple in 25 years [1]. The world’s population is projected up to 7.3 billion in 2015. CityGML consists of modules for different city objects (Figure 10) Among those modules are Building module, City Furniture module and Transportation module where by those modules is important as a physical data input for urban air pollution dispersion modeling (Table 4). Other modules such as the Textured Surface module will enhance the 3D visualization for perceiving the dispersion process and create a more realistic urban environment for visual analysis. From the discussion, it shows that by having a 3D spatial city model like CityGML, there are potentials in incorporating it with air quality monitoring. The vertical dispersion is modeled assuming a linear growth of the plume with the distance from the source
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