Abstract
Complex systems, in many different scientific sectors, show coarse-grain properties with simple growth laws with respect to fundamental microscopic algorithms. We propose a classification scheme of growth laws which includes human aging, tumor (and/or tissue) growth, logistic and generalized logistic growth and the aging of technical devices. The proposed classification permits to evaluate the aging/failure of combined new bio-technical “manufactured products”, where part of the system evolves in time according to biological-mortality laws and part according to technical device behaviors. Moreover it suggests a direct relation between the mortality leveling-off for humans and technical devices and the observed small cure probability for large tumors.
Highlights
Complex systems with millions of interacting elementary parts are often considered computationally irreducible Wolfram (1984); Wolfram (2002) which means that the only way to decide about their evolution is to let them evolve in time
In order to describe technical devices, the previous classification scheme has to be generalized since the specific growth rate of Weibull law has a power law dependence on time which is not reproduced by eq (3)
There is a deceleration of mortality in aging at late time which is described as a “transition” from a Gompertz law to a generalized logistic behavior
Summary
Complex systems with millions of interacting elementary parts are often considered computationally irreducible Wolfram (1984); Wolfram (2002) which means that the only way to decide about their evolution is to let them evolve in time.On the other hand, there is an impressive number of experimental verifications, in many different scientific sectors, that coarse-grain properties of systems, with simple laws with respect to fundamental microscopic alghoritms, emerge at different levels of magnification providing important tools for explaining and predicting new phenomena.In this respect, a priori unrelated systems show similar emergent properties and if an unexpected effect is found experimentally in a field, a similar effect, “mutatis mutandis”, should be sought in similar experiments in other fields. For technical devices the specific rate of the survival probability has a power-law time behavior
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