Abstract
Physician shortages in rural areas remain severe but may be ameliorated by recent expansions in medical school class sizes. Expanding student exposure to rural medicine by increasing the amount of prolonged clinical experiences in rural areas may increase the likelihood of students pursuing a career in rural medicine. This research sought to investigate the perspective of rural physicians on the introduction of a rurally based nine-month Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC). In this mixed-methods study, nine physician leaders were interviewed from five Maine, USA, rural hospitals participating in an LIC. Semi-structured interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Qualitative analysis techniques were used to code the transcripts and develop themes. Forty-seven participating rural LIC preceptors were also surveyed through an online survey. Four major themes related to implementing the LIC model emerged: (1) melting old ways, (2) overcoming fears, (3) synergy of energy, and (4) benefits all-around. The faculty were very positive about the LIC, with increased job satisfaction, practice morale, and ongoing learning, but concerned about the financial impact on productivity. The importance of these themes and perceptions are discussed within the three-stage model of change by Lewin. These results describe how the innovative LIC model can conceptually unfreeze the traditional Flexnerian construct for rural physicians. Highlighting the many stakeholder benefits and addressing the anxieties and fears of rural faculty may facilitate the implementation of a rural LIC. Given the net favorable perception of rural faculty of the LIC, this educational model has the potential to play a major role in increasing the rural workforce.
Highlights
Physician shortages in rural areas remain severe but may be ameliorated by recent expansions in medical school class sizes
For many physicians trained under the traditional Flexnerian model, the concept of the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC) was a significant shift from
Medical educators have described the fragmentation of the traditional medical student clerkship experience[14], it is likely that rural physicians are unaware of such literature criticizing this approach and supporting the LIC concept
Summary
Physician shortages in rural areas remain severe but may be ameliorated by recent expansions in medical school class sizes. These results describe how the innovative LIC model can conceptually unfreeze the traditional Flexnerian construct for rural physicians. Given the net favorable perception of rural faculty of the LIC, this educational model has the potential to play a major role in increasing the rural workforce. The recent phenomenon of expanding medical school class sizes provides a potential solution to the rural workforce shortage, but physicians must still be recruited to work in these underserved areas. Expansions in class size will likely only result in an increase in the rural workforce through the addition of distributed clinical training sites in rural areas. A key component of the Maine Track program was the establishment of a ninemonth longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) model[6,7,8,9] at multiple rural hospitals across the state
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