Abstract
Marine pile driving of steel shell piles has resulted in high underwater sound pressures that have been lethal to fish. High sound pressures have resulted in harassment of pinnepeds under the marine mammal protection act. Most waterways in the nation include fish and marine mammals that are protected by State and/or Federal agencies. Impacts from pile driving have contributed to costly construction delays for some major bridge projects. Recent construction activities in the marine environments of Northern California have provided the opportunity to characterize these sound pressures and evaluate control measures to protect fish and marine mammals. Sound control measures evaluated include different pile-driving methods, cofferdams (with and without water), confined air bubble curtain systems, and unconfined bubble curtain systems. Some control measures have achieved over 30 dB of noise reduction. Each situation, however, presents difficulties in achieving targeted reduction goals.
Published Version
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