Abstract
Abstract: This chapter discusses the variability in experimentally determined in-plane and through-thickness permeability values of non-crimp fabrics. Experimental uncertainties in permeability measurement are quantified for a specific measurement technique. Variability in local fibre orientation and fibre spacing in a fabric is described, and its influence on the local in-plane permeability is modelled for a representative material. Stochastic distributions of the local permeability are generated and implemented in flow simulations, which are evaluated statistically to estimate the global in-plane permeability and its variance and to predict probable outcomes of resin injections. The variability in through-thickness permeability is caused mainly by multi-layer effects such as misalignment, resulting in discontinuity of through-thickness pores.
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