Abstract

Pesticides play a crucial role in modern agricultural practices, yet their extensive use poses significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning soil and water quality. This abstract offers a comprehensive overview of the physicochemical behavior of pesticides in soil and water systems, essential for effective pesticide management and environmental protection. Factors influencing pesticide fate and transport, including soil properties, pesticide characteristics, environmental conditions, and management practices, are meticulously examined. Key physicochemical processes such as sorption, degradation, volatilization, and leaching govern pesticide behavior, profoundly impacting their persistence and potential environmental risks. Strategies for minimizing pesticide contamination and promoting sustainable agriculture are highlighted, underscoring the importance of integrated pest management and conservation practices. Through collaborative efforts and informed decision-making, we can mitigate pesticide pollution, preserve natural resources, and safeguard ecosystem health.

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