Understanding the Nano-Bio Interactions and the Corresponding Biological Responses.

Xin Tian,Cuicui Ge,Yu Chong

doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.00446

Abstract

Due to the increasing amount of work being put into the development of nanotechnology, the field of nanomaterials holds great promise for revolutionizing biomedicine. However, insufficient understanding of nanomaterial-biological microenvironment (nano−bio) interactions hinders the clinical translation of nanomedicine. Therefore, a systematic understanding of nano−bio interaction is needed for the intelligent design of safe and effective nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize the latest experimental and theoretical developments in the fields of nano−bio interfaces and corresponding biological outcomes from the perspective of corona and redox reactions. We also show that nano–bio interaction can offer a variety of multifunctional platforms with a broad range of applications in the field of biomedicine. The potential challenges and opportunities in the study of nano–bio interfaces are also provided.

Highlights

In recent years, the use of nanomaterials for targeted delivering and controlled releasing drugs, crossing biological barriers, activating immune cells, and reacting with redox species for diseases treatment (Zhang et al, 2018; Cai and Chen, 2019; Liu et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2019) has been widely investigated
Redox reaction at the nano–bio interface is another critical factor that regulates the functions and toxicities of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials interact with these redox-related chemical species by generating and/or scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), which influences the fate of cells in vivo
Research on the nano–bio interfaces of engineered nanomaterials is an important issue in the development of nanomedicine

Summary

Introduction

The use of nanomaterials for targeted delivering and controlled releasing drugs, crossing biological barriers, activating immune cells, and reacting with redox species for diseases treatment (Zhang et al, 2018; Cai and Chen, 2019; Liu et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2019) has been widely investigated. Upon entering into biological fluids, engineered nanomaterials can rapidly interact with various biomolecules, which mainly contain the three following aspects: (1) adsorption of biomolecules on the surface of nanomaterials, forming protein corona; (2) reconstruction and change of functional proteins; and (3) redox reactions between nanomaterials and reactive species (Scheme S1). These nano–bio interactions will greatly influence the function and fate of nanomaterials, and affect cellular biological function (Liu et al, 2013).

Results

Conclusion