Understanding the Mechanism Involved in PGPR-Mediated Growth Promotion and Suppression of Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Plants

Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana,Puttaswamy Hariprasad

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1188-2_3

Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana, Puttaswamy Hariprasad

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1188-2_3

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In the present scenario increased agricultural productivity is achieved by indiscriminate and excessive application of agrochemicals which lead to health and environmental hazards. Extensive research in developing eco-friendly strategy to reduce or replace the application of agrochemicals revealed plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as potential candidate. PGPR are an important group of bacterial communities residing in rhizosphere and exert beneficial effects on host plant through various mechanisms. The mode of action through which PGPR enhance plant fitness under different biotic and abiotic stress have been a target of research from several years. Hence, in this chapter, mechanism involved in PGPR-mediated growth promotion and suppression of biotic and abiotic stress in plants is reviewed. PGPR is known to exert its beneficial effect on plant through several mechanisms. Plant growth-promoting mechanisms include root colonization, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of IAA, and other phytohormones, siderophore, and volatiles. Suppression of biotic stress is through competition for space, food and nutrition with phytopathogens, production of antibiotic, siderophores, volatiles, and by inducing systemic resistance (ISR). Abiotic stress (especially drought and salt) management by means of PGPR involves modification of physiological and biochemical activities of host plant by producing abscisic acid and other phytohormones, lowering the ethylene by activity of ACC deaminase, and producing antioxidants, which are collectively termed as induced systemic tolerance (IST). Hence expression of these PGPR traits and factors affecting on it should be studied thoroughly in order to use it to its best. Under experimental or field conditions, these traits may express singly or simultaneously which is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors which alter the performance of introduced PGPR.

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