Abstract
Buildings are the most important part of development activities, consumed over one-thirds of the global energy. Household used the maximum energy around the world, likewise in Pakistan residential buildings consumed about half of total energy (45.9% per year). The study aims to analyze the impact of building design on climate of Metropolitan City Karachi, Pakistan and to evaluate the change in urbanization patterns and energy consumption in the buildings. To have better understanding of the issues correlations was established amongst population, urbanization patterns, green area, number of buildings (residential and commercial), building design, energy consumption and metrological records (climate change parameters) by collecting the data from the respective departments. With the help of the collected data amount of carbon dioxide was estimated. The results reveled that during last 36 years the urban population of Karachi increased exponentially from 5,208,000 (1981) to 14,737,257 (2017) with increase in urbanized area from 8.35 km2 (1946) to 3,640 km2 (2017) that may led to reduce the green area of the city from 495,000 hectors (1971) to 100,000 hectors (2015). Moreover, the building’s design and numbers are being changed from 21 high-rise buildings (2009) to 344 (2017). It may be concluded that change in temperature pattern and climatic variability of the city may be due to increase in population and change in lifestyle that lead to high energy consumption that is prime source of increased in CO2 emission in the environment of Karachi city, However, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) releases are much lower than the levels reported from metropolitan cities around the world.
Highlights
Climate change is basically the alteration in the natural ecosystems which is directly or indirectly linked to the man-made activities that affects the world’s atmosphere
The universal averaged surface temperature will rise from 1-3.5°C in the year 2100 as evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [1]
Data Collection: The data of Population, Urbanization, Green Area, No of Buildings, energy consumption and climate change was collected through following methods
Summary
Climate change is basically the alteration in the natural ecosystems which is directly or indirectly linked to the man-made activities that affects the world’s atmosphere. The universal averaged surface temperature will rise from 1-3.5°C (about 2-6°F) in the year 2100 as evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [1]. Climate change is the biggest consent globally because it is the greatest threat for mankind in the near future and its expected outcomes are the scarcity of water, natural resource depletion, increased energy consumption and it will affect other socioeconomic regions like health, food production. The industrial revolution is the source of increase in the GHG levels in the atmosphere which is responsible for the change in earth’s temperature. These GHGs harmfully effect on the climate system and the lives of the people. Rising of global mean sea level, melting of snow and increase in the ocean temperature are the
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