Abstract
Current literature focuses on the complications and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) while clustering environmental and genetic factors to explain the disease. Interventions proposed to reduce diabetes prevalence should focus predominantly on initiating active rapports of family members and promoting a more communication-oriented preventative approach between diabetics and non-diabetics. Due to varying risks in T2DM by race and ethnicity, these populations should follow race-appropriate guidelines to prevent further T2DM occurrence and complications. The review consists of information related to the genetic component of T2DM to help identify high-risk groups and focuses on the environmental aspect of the disease to help consider appropriate techniques to reduce disease burden. Genetic factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and thus are an essential element of understanding the cause of the disease and possible methods of prevention. Focusing on high-risk groups with T2DM could have profound effects on the current health care situation. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of diabetes in the United States and propose methods of preventing and delaying the development of T2DM in high-risk individuals.
Highlights
Disease EtiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; previously known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) is a major public health threat affecting approximately 25.8 million people in the U.S of all ages
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) appears to be increasing in the U.S and one of the major risk factors contributing to this increase is obesity in the population [2]
The purpose of this article is to 1) review the current literature surrounding the genetic and environmental components associated with T2DM and to 2) highlight the need for specific preventive measures in high-risk groups
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; previously known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) is a major public health threat affecting approximately 25.8 million people in the U.S of all ages. It accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes and has a prevalence of approximately 8% among U.S adults [1]. Pre-diabetes is a precursor to T2DM; it is a milder condition where individuals have higher blood glucose levels than recommended but do not meet the criteria for T2DM [4] These individuals are at higher risk of developing diabetes, as well as other chronic diseases like stroke and heart disease. Other known modifiable risk factors for developing pre-diabetes or T2DM are obesity, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle [7]
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