Understanding the electrode reaction process of dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol over Ni/Fe nanoparticles: Effect of pH and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentration

Abstract

Herein, with the exploitation of iron and nickel electrodes, the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) dechlorinating processes at the anode and cathode, respectively, were separately studied via various electrochemical techniques (e.g., Tafel polarization, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). With this in mind, Ni/Fe nanoparticles were prepared by chemical solution deposition, and utilized to test the dechlorination activities of 2,4-DCP over a bimetallic system. For the iron anode, the results showed that higher 2,4-DCP concentration and solution acidity aggravated the corrosion within the electrode. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) values of the iron electrode were 703, 473, 444, and 437 Ω∙cm2 for the initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of 0, 20, 50, and 80 mg/L, respectively. When the bulk pH of the 2,4-DCP solution varied from 3.0, 5.0 to 7.0, the corresponding Rct values were 315, 376, and 444 Ω∙cm2, respectively. For the nickel cathode, the reduction current densities on the electrode at −0.75 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode) were 80, 106, and 111 μA/cm2, for initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of 40, 80, and 125 mg/L. The dechlorination experiments demonstrated that when the initial pH of the solution was 7.0, 5.0, and 3.0, the dechlorination percentage of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles was 62%, 69%, and 74%, respectively, which was in line with the electrochemical experiments. 10 wt.% Ni loading into Ni/Fe bimetal was affordable and gave a good dechlorination efficiency of 2,4-DCP, and fortunately the Ni/Fe nanoparticles remained comparatively stable in the dechlorination processes at pH 3.0.