Abstract
Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) caused by Burkholderia glumae is one of the main concerns for rice production in the Americas since bacterial infection can interfere with the grain-filling process and under severe conditions can result in high sterility. B. glumae has been detected in several rice-growing areas of Colombia and other countries of Central and Andean regions in Latin America, although evidence of its involvement in decreasing yield under these conditions is lacking. Analysis of different parameters in trials established in three rice-growing areas showed that, despite BPB presence, severity did not explain the sterility observed in fields. PCR tests for B. glumae confirmed low infection in all sites and genotypes, only 21.4% of the analyzed samples were positive for B. glumae. Climate parameters showed that Montería and Saldaña registered maximum temperature above 34°C, minimum temperature above 23°C, and Relative Humidity above 80%, conditions that favor the invasion model described for this pathogen in Asia. Our study found that in Colombia, minimum temperature above 23°C during 10 days after flowering is the condition that correlates with disease incidence. Therefore, this correlation, and the fact that Montería and Saldaña had a higher level of infected samples according to PCR tests, high minimum temperature, but not maximum temperature, seems to be determinant for B. glumae colonization under studied field conditions. This knowledge is a solid base line to design strategies for disease control, and is also a key element for breeders to develop strategies aimed to decrease the effect of B. glumae and high night-temperature on rice yield under tropical conditions.
Highlights
Global rice production is affected by abiotic and biotic factors and in some regions by a combination of closely related climate-host-pathogen interactions
Different from Asia, B. glumae infection in the Americas is associated with spikelet sterility under high disease severity conditions, and in the Americas, the disease is known as bacterial panicle blight (BPB)
No amplification was observed from other bacterial rice pathogens: P. fuscovaginae, A. avenae subsp. avenae, P. agglomerans, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Fig 2), Sensitivity of B. glumae-specific primers using rice-infected seeds
Summary
Global rice production is affected by abiotic and biotic factors and in some regions by a combination of closely related climate-host-pathogen interactions. The wide availability of historical data on yield and climate variables has allowed extensive analysis aimed at quantifying the role of climate in rice yield fluctuations, with temperature reportedly being one of the most important factors [1,2,3,4]. These results are due to the well-known detrimental effect of high temperature on rice during the reproductive stage, in which spikelet sterility is associated with increased temperatures above 35 ̊C during flowering time [5, 6]. Different from Asia, B. glumae infection in the Americas is associated with spikelet sterility under high disease severity conditions, and in the Americas, the disease is known as bacterial panicle blight (BPB)
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