Abstract
Calf-raising operations provide a unique microbial niche where immature intestinal flora, dense animal populations, and frequent application of antimicrobials may facilitate the emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens. In the US, producers report that 18% of calves receive an antimicrobial for diarrhea prior to weaning, often with antimicrobials designated as "critically important" to human medicine. The overall objective for this research was to understand the decision criteria for antimicrobial use for calf diarrhea. We hypothesized that selective antimicrobial use is associated with herd-level predictors, including the presence of veterinarian-written treatment protocols and producer attitudes about the impact of antimicrobial use in livestock.
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