Abstract
Some aspects are discussed of the mechanism of color confinement in QCD by condensation of magnetic monopoles in the vacuum.
Highlights
QCD is an S U(3) gauge theory coupled to quarks in the fundamental representation which describes the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model
Monopole dominance[17] and an approach based on symmetry [6] [15, 16], strongly support monopole condensation in the vacuum as mechanism of colour confinement
A revival of this idea recently came from the study of instantons with non-trivial holonomy, named calorons, [18] [19], which prove to have monopoles as constituents
Summary
QCD is an S U(3) gauge theory coupled to quarks in the fundamental representation which describes the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. T is the parallel transport along the time axis, which at finite temperature T is a closed loop due to the periodic boundary conditions It transforms covariantly, and commutes with the centre of the group, and is zero in the spontaneously broken phase. The only way to have an extra symmetry in QCD rests on the degrees of freedom on the boundary of the physical space (dual variables). This is what happens in many models of statistical mechanics, like the 2d Ising model [3], the 3d X − Y model [4], the lattice U(1) gauge theory[5] [6]. The idea is physically attractive, since monopoles could condense in the vacuum and make of it a dual superconductor confining chromo-electric charges (quarks) [9] [10]
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