Underdetermined DOA Estimation for Wideband Signals via Focused Atomic Norm Minimization.

Juan Shi,Wentao Shi,Weijie Tan,Lihuan Huang,Qunfei Zhang,Linlin Mao

doi:10.3390/e22030359

Juan Shi, Wentao Shi + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/e22030359

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Abstract

In underwater acoustic signal processing, direction of arrival (DOA) estimation can provide important information for target tracking and localization. To address underdetermined wideband signal processing in underwater passive detection system, this paper proposes a novel underdetermined wideband DOA estimation method equipped with the nested array (NA) using focused atomic norm minimization (ANM), where the signal source number detection is accomplished by information theory criteria. In the proposed DOA estimation method, especially, after vectoring the covariance matrix of each frequency bin, each corresponding obtained vector is focused into the predefined frequency bin by focused matrix. Then, the collected averaged vector is considered as virtual array model, whose steering vector exhibits the Vandermonde structure in terms of the obtained virtual array geometries. Further, the new covariance matrix is recovered based on ANM by semi-definite programming (SDP), which utilizes the information of the Toeplitz structure. Finally, the Root-MUSIC algorithm is applied to estimate the DOAs. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms other underdetermined DOA estimation methods based on information theory in term of higher estimation accuracy.

Highlights

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important issue in numerous fields of array signal processing, which has widespread applications in radar, sonar, acoustics, navigation, communications, speech enhancement [1,2,3] and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems [4]
Estimation application, we propose a novel underdetermined direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method for wideband signals equipped with nested array (NA), which is based on atomic norm minimization (ANM) to seek and obtain the optimal Toeplitz covariance matrix
We considered a two-level nest array with six physical sensors, whose inner sub-array and outer sub-array have the same amount of sensors, that is to say, M1 is equal to M2 = 3

Summary

Introduction

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important issue in numerous fields of array signal processing, which has widespread applications in radar, sonar, acoustics, navigation, communications, speech enhancement [1,2,3] and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems [4]. Along with the recent development of underwater sonar systems, DOA estimation could supply the direction information, which plays various important roles in underwater target tracking [5,6,7] or target localization. Compared with narrowband signal sources, the wideband counterparts are able to provide more useful and interfering information where the array phase differences lie on two factors, i.e., the DOAs of sources and frequencies. In passive sonar system, the radiation noise signal [9] from underwater vehicles is a wideband signal. In light of such characteristics, wideband DOA (WDOA)

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