Abstract
the gape, and resorption of the tail during metamorphosis. In the torrent-dwelling tadpoles of Ansonia longidigita (Bufonidae) and of species of Amolops (Ranidae), this coupling is significantly modified and larval oral discs, beaks, and denticles are retained much longer into metamorphosis. These specialized tadpoles are thereby able to cling to rocks in the larval environment until the tail is largely resorbed. As a result, compared to generalized tadpoles, these tadpoles probably suffer less risk of predation due to the loss of locomotor efficiency characteristic of the period of metamorphic climax. The lower eyelid appears to develop earlier in the torrent-dwelling tadpoles than in generalized larvae of Bufo and Rana from the same region. This difference may reflect early development of aerial vision in tadpoles living in torrents where frequently their eyes are likely to be momentarily out of water.
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