Abstract
Carbon capture and geological storage (CCS) is identified within the portfolio of mitigation options for climate change. Each value chain activity of large scale integrated projects (capture, trans...
Highlights
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) that has been identified as a significant driver of climate change, with 65% of GHG emissions attributed to CO2 in 2010 (IPCC, 2014)
In an effort to cut CO2 emissions from point source fossil fuel and industrial process sites – such as coal and natural gas electricity generation facilities and cement, steel, fertiliser and oil upgrader facilities – carbon capture and geological storage (CCS) technology has been included within the portfolio of mitigation options for climate change (IEA, 2013; IPCC, 2005, 2014)
Risk assessment and management has developed as a matter of judgement in probability and uncertainty since publication of the so-called ‘Red Book’, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process (National Research Council, 1983)
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) that has been identified as a significant driver of climate change, with 65% of GHG emissions attributed to CO2 in 2010 (IPCC, 2014). From an estimated 27 GtCO2eq/year (Giga tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year) emissions in 1970, GHGs are trending towards or may exceed 55 GtCO2eq/year through 2030, even with implementation of the full range of unconditional and conditional components of intended nationally determined climate change mitigation actions (Benveniste et al, 2018; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2016). In an effort to cut CO2 emissions from point source fossil fuel and industrial process sites – such as coal and natural gas electricity generation facilities and cement, steel, fertiliser and oil upgrader facilities – carbon capture and geological storage (CCS) technology has been included within the portfolio of mitigation options for climate change (IEA, 2013; IPCC, 2005, 2014). Potential environmental and human health hazards have been identified for each of these activities, with greater understanding of risk assessment for capture (an industrial process) and transport, compared with less but growing experience for CO2 injection and saline storage activities (Koornneef et al, 2012; Pawar et al, 2015)
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