Abstract
AbstractThis paper introduces a dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) model, which combines the observations of three different global navigation satellite system (GNSS) constellations, namely GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou. A drawback of a single GNSS system such as GPS, however, is the availability of sufficient number of visible satellites in urban areas. Combining GNSS observations offers more visible satellites to users, which in turn is expected to enhance the satellite geometry and the overall positioning solution. However, combining several GNSS observables introduces additional biases, which require rigorous modeling, including the GNSS time offsets and hardware delays. In this paper, un-differenced ionosphere-free linear combination PPP model is developed. The additional biases of the GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou combination are accounted for through the introduction of a new unknown parameter, which is identified as the inter-system bias, in the PPP mathematical model. Natural Resources Canada’s...
Highlights
Precise point positioning (PPP) has proven to be capable of providing positioning accuracy at the subdecimeter and decimeter levels in static and kinematic modes, respectively
This paper introduces a dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) model, which combines the observations of three different global navigation satellite system (GNSS) constellations, namely global positioning system (GPS), Galileo, and BeiDou
Four combinations are considered in the PPP modeling namely; GPS/Galileo, GPS/BeiDou, Galileo/BeiDou, and GPS/Galileo/BeiDou
Summary
Precise point positioning (PPP) has proven to be capable of providing positioning accuracy at the subdecimeter and decimeter levels in static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IGS-MEGX network provides the GNSS users with precise clock and orbit products to all currently available satellite systems (Montenbruck et al, 2014) This makes it possible to obtain a PPP solution by combining the observations of two or more GNSS constellations. Precise satellite corrections from the International GNSS Service multi-GNSS experiment (IGS-MEGX) network are used to account for GPS, Galileo and BeiDou satellite orbit and clock errors (Montenbruck et al, 2014) As these products are presently referenced to the GPS time and since we use mixed GNSS receivers that use GPS time as a reference, the GGTO and the GPS to BeiDou time offset are canceled out in our model.
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