Abstract
On December 31, 2019, following a report by China of atypical pneumonia cases to the World Health Organization (WHO), the so-called COVID-19 outbreak entered the global agenda. Almost all affected states were forced into taking extraordinary measures. By virtue of applying these strong measures during the pandemic, states have been accused of breaching some rules of international law. A flood of cases are expected to be filed in international courts asking for relief arising from these breaches. In this article, I will examine the question of whether states can rely on the circumstances precluding wrongfulness, such as distress, force majeure, or state of necessity, as defenses that justified a lack of fulfillment of international obligations during the fight against the virus.
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