Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Solids

Abstract

Compared to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is not generally considered to be an analytic technique for the surface characterisation of materials. It is, however, an extremely surface sensitive technique where even a monolayer coverage of an adsorbate or contaminant is sufficient to grossly alter the signal from a given surface. As we shall see, its main strength lies in its unique ability to explore the electronic structure in the conduction/valence band region of a wide variety of solids. As a technique, it can readily be added to other surface science instrumentation and is indeed often offered as an option by manufacturers of XPS/AES equipment. This chapter is consequently included as a brief introduction to the capabilities of UPS, to alert practitioners of other surface science techniques to the information contained in UPS spectra.KeywordsFermi SurfaceAuger Electron SpectroscopyUltraviolet Photoelectron SpectroscopySurface Sensitive TechniqueEnergy Distribution CurveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.