Abstract
The midgut of the adult Scrabeus sacer was divided into three parts, anterior, middle and posterior midgut. In the anterior part of the midgut, the apical part showed microvilli long and slender. These microvilli appear open in other parts. Numerous organelles appeared, well-developed nucleus mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum. A thin basement membrane was observed and well-developed basal labyrinth. Regenerative cells were observed and well-developed circular muscle fibers. Tracheae and mitochondria were also observed. In the median portion of the midgut, well-developed long and slender microvilli were observed. Polymorphic mitochondria, well-developed nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles were coming out of the cell to the lumen through the apical part of the middle midgut. A basement membrane, well-developed basal labyrinth, circular muscles, tracheae and vacuoles were observed in the basal part of the median midgut. The rear part of the midgut showed a well-developed brush border of microvilli. Polymorphic mitochondria, rods of bacteria, nucleus and other organelles are projecting in the lumen of the cell. Lateral cell membranes and numerous crescent shape mitochondria were observed in the posterior midgut. Gap junctions were observed in the posterior midgut. A well-developed basal labyrinth was observed enclosing mitochondria and tracheae. Regenerative cells are obvious in the basal part of the posterior region. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is not restricted to a defined part of the cell. No peritrophic membrane was observed throughout the midgut of the adult beetle Scrabeus sacer. Multivesicular bodies were observed in different parts of the midgut.
Highlights
Coleoptera is one of the largest order of insects with about 370,000 insect species described worldwide
The present study investigates the fine structure of different portions of the midgut of the dung beetle Scrabeus sacer
Regenerative cells were observed while no peritrophic membrane was observed throughout the midgut of adult beetle Scrabeus sacer
Summary
Coleoptera is one of the largest order of insects with about 370,000 insect species described worldwide. Dung beetles are a major insect group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) distributed globally except Antarctica with a high number of diversities comprising nearly 6,200 species and almost 267 genera (Tarasov & Génier 2015) These species are coprophagous in nature which live freely in soil and mostly feed on both wet and dry dung materials of herbivorous mammals. The dung beetles play a vital role in nutrient recycling by decaying organic matter and developing soil aeration (Brown et al.,2010; Manning et al, 2016) thereby, reducing the greenhouse gas fluxes (Penttilä et al, 2013 & Slade et al, 2016) It enhances plant growth and grain production (Bornemissza et al, 1970; Koyama et al, 2003; Holter & Scholtz 2007). They possess an incredible innate immune system and hold multiple defense strategies such as possessing an epithelial barrier, synthesizing novel peptide-like compounds against pathogenic microbes and releasing reactive oxygen species to protect them from the pathogenic environment
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
