Abstract
This study aims to propose a computer simulation method for generating blood flow ultrasound signals. It mainly focuses on the simulation of radio frequency (RF) of moving objects in vessels, because RF signals contain more information than Doppler signal simulation. This method simulates RF signal on the basis of the acoustic field calculations. Furthermore, the resulting signal also includes Doppler Effect. The Doppler Effect is introduced while assuming the system is linear time variant (LTV). That is, when a scatterer moves, its spatial impulse response changes by time. Therefore, we could consider the desired Doppler Effect in the signals. Different velocity of a cardiac cycle is applied to the model and their corresponding frequency shifts are calculated by applying fast Fourier transform. The results of study show correct frequency shifts in the simulated signal. We further compared our simulated signal with a RF signal recorded from human aorta by a longitudinal scan. According to the results, the normalized root mean square error in one cardiac cycle between velocity profile of the simulated and experimental signals is 13.02% and that verifies the similarity of our proposed method to the real data.
Highlights
Determination of instantaneous velocity of blood flow is a useful hemodynamic parameter which may be used to diagnose the arterial diseases such as stenosis and embolus detection
A new method is introduced for simulation of ultrasound radio frequency (RF) signal containing Doppler Effect
In this study we focused on the simulation of RF instead of Doppler signal
Summary
Determination of instantaneous velocity of blood flow is a useful hemodynamic parameter which may be used to diagnose the arterial diseases such as stenosis and embolus detection. The velocity known as Doppler ultrasound technique is obtained non-invasively through diffusion of ultrasound waves into vessels. In Doppler technique, the ultrasound wave is transmitted with a certain frequency to the blood vessels from a specific angle to the vessel. Given the movement of the blood in the vessels, the frequency of returning signal will differ from that of initial transmitted signal. The Doppler shift, a change in the frequency of a reflected sound wave due to motion between a sound source and a reflector, wasfirst studied by Christian A. The instantaneous velocity is extracted from the Doppler shifts
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