Abstract
Article history: Received January 26, 2013 Received in Revised form May 10, 2013 Accepted 20 May 2013 Available online 24 May 2013 An efficient and simple protocol of β-enaminones and β-enamino esters synthesis using nickel oxide under ultrasound sonication has been developed. Ultrasound sonication triggers the formation of enaminones under the mild reaction conditions. Nickel oxide was found to be efficient, heterogeneous, moisture stable, robust and recyclable catalyst. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Highlights
Introduction βEnaminones and β-Enamino esters are important classes of organic compounds having multiple applications because of their adaptable dual behavior as electrophiles and nucleophiles[1]
nickel oxide (NiO) was found to be the most effective catalyst among the above metal oxides providing an excellent yield of 92 % (Table 1, entries 1-4)
The reaction was studied under sonication in the absence of catalyst, which resulted in very low product yield (Table 1, entry 6)
Summary
Introduction βEnaminones and β-Enamino esters are important classes of organic compounds having multiple applications because of their adaptable dual behavior as electrophiles and nucleophiles[1]. Condensation of carbonyl compounds and amines mediated by acid catalysts is a simple methodology for synthesis of enamino esters. Diversified acid catalysts such as metal triflates[4], perchlorates[5], InBr6, CoCl27, silica supported mineral acid[8], BF3*Et2O9, silver nanoparticles[10], copper nanoparticles[11], gold salts[12] and Zn(OAc)[213] have been used in the synthesis of β-enaminones and enamino esters. Few reports have highlighted the catalytic activity of NiO in different chemical transformations[17,18,19]. We report an efficient and mild protocol for the synthesis of enaminones and enamino esters using NiO as a heterogeneous, moisture stable, robust and recyclable catalyst under ultrasonication
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